Business Statistic Project Report Asian Business Schools

1. Include a summary for each variable in the data set. Make comments and interpretations based on maximum and minimums, well as the appropriate means and proportions. What new insights do these descriptive statistics provide concerning Asia-Pacific business schools? Analysis: 1. Full time enrolment is highest in Indian Institute of Management (Calcutta), 463 and lowest in Macquaire Graduate School of Management (Sydney),12 as per data available from the full time enrolment. They are far above and below as compared with the average full time enrolment of individuals in Asian countries. Average number of full time enrolment in these B-schools across Asia Pacific is 165 out of total number of 4129 students Students per Faculty:†¦show more content†¦Average portion of foreign students in Asian B-Schools is about 28%. Starting salary is highest for International University of Japan (Niigata), i.e. $87,000, while it is lowest for Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies, i.e. $7,000. Average starting salary in Asian Business Schools is $37,292. All this data provides information regarding the potential that Asian markets possess and the pace at which they are growing. Standard Deviation is quite high at 23459; it may suggest that $ 87000 is outlier Screenshot of the Excel Sheet 2. Summarize the data to compare the following –: a. Any Difference between local and foreign tuition costs. b. Any Difference between mean starting salaries for schools requiring and not requiring work experience. c. Any difference between starting salaries for schools requiring and not requiring English test. Analysis: a) Not much difference between local and foreign tuition fees. Mostly colleges have same local and foreign tuition fees. Lahore University of Management Sciences has highest difference of $ 15050 b) Mean starting salary for B-Schools requiring work experience is $41305.26, while for those institutes that do not require work experience, the mean starting salary is $24,583.33. This clearly shows that average salary of schools with requirement of work experience is significantly higher as compared to that of thoseShow MoreRelatedWalk Through The Valley Of Truth3264 Words   |  14 PagesProfessor Erica Chutuape s Asians in the U.S. class (Asian 210.02) at Hunter College ARCHIVE Walk Through The Valley of Truth A model minority, or a minority group whether based on ethnicity, race, or religion, is often perceived to achieve a higher degree of socioeconomic success than the population average. This goes as far as to assuming success in most, if not all, of the areas such as education, income, family stability, and low crime rate. 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Contingency Theory Free Essays

briefly define key terms first – whose theory are you discussing and what are its elements? (2) Routineness of task technology Depending on the type of technology (routine or non-routine) the organisational structure, leadership style and control systems will differ. This will be discussed in greater detail in later chapters. (3) Environmental uncertainty What works in a stable environment may not work or be totally inappropriate in a rapidly changing and unpredictable environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Contingency Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now (4) Individual differences. ifferences are important when managers select motivation techniques, leadership styles and job designs. Body of management thought, based on the premises that there is no single best way to manage because every situation and every manager is different. Therefore, there are only a few universal management principles, and an appropriate management style depends on the demands of a particular situation. See also classical school of management, quantitative school of management, and systems school of management. Fayol – theorist – Fayol’s 14 principles then and now Management style  that  changes  according to the situation, and the type of  decision  to be made between autocratic, consultative, democratic and other  styles. See alsocontingency school of management. Contingency theory is a behavioral theory that claims that there is no single best way to design organizational structures. The best way of organizing e. g. a company, is, however, contingent upon the internal and external situation of the company. The contingency approach to organizational design tailors the design of the company to the sources of environmental uncertainties faced by the organization. The point is to design an organizational structure that can handle uncertainties in the environment effectively and efficiently. Therefore, previous theories such as Weber’s theory of bureaucracy and Taylor’s scientific management approach sometimes fail because they neglect that effective management styles and organizational structures are influenced by various aspects of the environment: the contingency factors. Therefore, there can not be ONE optimal organizational design for every company, because no companies are completely similar, and because every company faces its own set of unique environmental contingencies that result in different levels of environmental uncertainties. Contingency theory has historically sought to develop generalizations about the formal structures that would fit the use of different technologies. This focus was put forward by Joan Woodward (1958), who argued that technologies directly determine organizational attributes such as span of control, centralization of authority, and the formalization of rules and procedures. Theorists such as P. R. Lawrence and J. W. Lorsch found that companies operating in less stable environments operated more effectively, if the organizational structure was less formalized, more decentralized and more reliant on mutual adjustment between various departments in the company. Likewise, companies in uncertain environments seemed to be more effective with a greater degree of differentiation between subtasks in the organization, and when the differentiated units were heavily integrated with each other. ite at least two recent academic journal articles, Save as:   student ID_surname_assignment1. doc Possible research questions are: What is a manager? What is contingency approach? How do we define its relevance today? In what way does contingency approach affect the work of the manager and how/why? Very important to address this aspect because it is worth 50 marks. The conclusion should just summarise your findings and not introduce any new material (nor quotations). * Heri al Fayol’s contributions He argued that management was an activity common to all human undertakings in business, in government, and even in the home. He stated 14 principles of management—fundamental or universal truths. * Max Weber’s contributions Weber developed a theory of authority structures and described organizational activity on the basis of authority relations. He described an ideal type of organization that he called a bureaucracy, characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules and regulations, and impersonal relationships. Division of labor * Authority hierarchy * Formal selection * Formal rules and regulations * Impersonality * Career orientation * During the Hawethorne studies: Mayo’s Finding: * Behavior and sentiments are closely related. * Group influences significantly affect individual behavior. * Group standards establish individual worker output. * Money is less a factor in determining output than are group standards, group sentiments, and security. How to cite Contingency Theory, Papers

Ryan Todrank 10 October 2017 SWRK 150 Reflection # Essays

Ryan Todrank 10 October 2017 SWRK 150 Reflection #6 Neither corporations nor unions should be allowed to donate to political supporters at all. Both of those entities consist of members from all political parties. The First Amendment protects free speech. It pointedly does not discuss the speaker of that speech, so the origin of the speech is irrelevant to its protected status , whether it comes from a person or union or corporation, etc. There's a reason why the right-wing Heritage Foundation, the libertarian Cato Institute and the left-wing ACLU all united to back the court's decision . I t is clearly a Constitutionally based decision that re affirms the right to freedom of speech. The Supreme Court revisited the issue of campaign finance in early October, hearing arguments on a case that asks whether there should be a limit on the total amount that an individual can don ate to political candidates and political parties during an election cycle. In 1974, after the fallout from the Watergate scandal, laws were enacted that created the structure for campaign finance regulations. The laws capped the amount that an individual can directly donate to any one candidate or to a political party. If we out a ban on things like this people who have no money or funds to even compete in the big world of politics wouldn ' t have a chance. Even small donations can make a difference. Take Barrack Obama for example, he never would have ended up President if he didn ' t have tons of small donations

antigone- a tragic hero essays

antigone- a tragic hero essays In the story Antigone, by Sophocles, Antigone is the tragic hero. By definition a tragedy is an extremely sad course of events or a fatal event and a tragic hero is a member of royalty. (Aristotle, p398). Antigones pride for her brother makes her a hero. She will not back down from anything when she is getting caught. Antigone is a mind-set person when it comes to getting things done her way. Not only is Antigone a hero to everyone else, she is also a hero to herself. After she is caught, She speaks with pride about what she has done. She says, I should have praise and honor for what I have done. All these men would praise me were their mouths not frozen shut with fear of you.(Antigone, p710, 98-100). In a way, she is boastful about breaking the law. She thinks she has done the right thing. Another heroic characteristic of Antigone is that she shows and immense amount of love. She makes sure she gets her brother buried no matter what the consequences are. But I will bury him; and if I must die, I will say this crime is holy (Antigone, p694, 55-56) Antigone says. Even when Ismene tries to take the blame for her brothers burial, Antigone takes all the blame. Antigone loved her family dearly. Antigone is also a determined person. After she put her mind to it, nothing could stop her from doing what she wanted. She even says, Creon is not strong enough to stand in my way. (Antigone, p694, 35). Even though the consequence was death, Antigone still goes through with it. Her determination and love for her brother gives her the courage to keep her pride. Antigones love, determination, and courage changes Creons way of thinking, but it was too late. She didnt allow anyone or anything to get in the way of her dreams. She always kept her pride and principles. Antigone really is a tragic hero. ...

A Definition and Introduction to the Keiretsu System

A Definition and Introduction to the Keiretsu System In Japanese, the word keiretsu can be  translated to mean group or system, but its relevance in economics far surpasses this seemingly simple translation. It has also been literally translated to mean headless combine, which highlights the keiretsu systems history and relationship to previous Japanese systems like that of the zaibatsu. In Japan and now throughout the field of economics, the word  keiretsu refers to a specific type of business partnership, alliance, or extended enterprise. In other words, a keiretsu is an informal business group. A keiretsu has generally been defined in practice as a  conglomeration of businesses associated with cross-shareholdings which are  formed around their own trading companies or large banks. But  equity ownership is not a prerequisite for keiretsu formation. In fact, a keiretsu can also be a business network of comprised of manufacturers, supply chain partners, distributors, and even financiers, who are all financially independent but who work very closely together to support and ensure mutual success. Two Types of Keiretsu There are essentially two types of keiretsus, which have been  described in English as horizontal and vertical keiretsus. A horizontal keiretsu, also known as a financial keiretsu, is characterized by the cross-shareholding relationships formed between firms which are centered around a major bank. The bank will provide these companies with a variety of financial services. A vertical keiretsu, on the other hand, is known as a jump-style keiretsu or an industrial keiretsu. Vertical keiretsus tie together in partnership the suppliers, manufacturers, and distributor of an industry. Why Form a Keiretsu? A keiretsu may provide  a manufacturer the ability to form stable, long-term business partnerships which ultimately permit the manufacturer to remain lean and efficient while focusing mainly on its core business. The formation of this type of partnership is a practice that permits a large keiretsu the capability to control a majority, if not all, steps in the economic chain in their industry or business sector. Another aim of keiretsu systems is the formation of powerful corporate structure across related businesses. When member firms of a keiretsu are associated through cross-shareholdings, which is to say that they own small portions of equity in each others businesses, they remain somewhat insulated from market fluctuations, volatility, and even business takeover attempts. With the stability provided by the keiretsu system, firms can focus on efficiency, innovation, and long-term projects. History of Keiretsu System in Japan In Japan, the keiretsu system specifically refers to the framework of business relationships that arose in post-World War II Japan after the fall of the family-owned vertical monopolies that controlled much of the economy known as zaibatsu. The keiretsu system joined Japans big banks and big firms when related companies organized around a big bank (like Mitsui, Mitsubishi, and Sumitomo) and took ownership of equity in one another and in the bank. As a result, those related companies did consistent business with one another. While the keiretsu system has had the virtue of maintaining long-term business relationships and stability in suppliers and customers in Japan, there are still critics. For instance, some argue that the keiretsu system has the disadvantage of reacting slowly to outside events since the players are partly protected from the external market. More Research Resources Related to the Keiretsu System Japans keiretsu system: the case of the automobile industryThe Japanese keiretsu system: an empirical analysis

Tracking Civilian Deaths in Afghanistan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tracking Civilian Deaths in Afghanistan - Essay Example Tracking Civilian Deaths in Afghanistan The following analysis will seek to engage the reader with an overall discussion that helps to elaborate upon the usefulness of these statistics, whether or not they might be utilized in further forms of analysis, the potential that exists for them to be much higher than is being represented, and interpretation of why all of these compliments necessarily matter. Through such a level of discussion and engagement, it is the hope of this author that the reader will be able to come to a more informed and definitive level of understanding with respect to civilian deaths within Afghanistan and the manner through which such representative data is utilized in the future. Firstly, and perhaps most importantly, the data that was represented did not start tracking the deaths caused by IEDs or suicide attacks until 2009; fully two years after the analysis was begun. This was a fundamental oversight; however, an even larger oversight was with regards to the fact that the overall civilian death toll with respect to drone strikes was not measured until 2012 (Zenko, 2014). As anyone even remotely familiar with the conflict in Afghanistan note, the lion’s share of coalition attacks over the past several years in Afghanistan have been predicated upon the backbone of drone strikes as the primary delivery mechanism. In such a way, not having representative statistics that began at the time in which the study was engaged does not provide the user with an accurate description of the way in which civilian deaths have been represented within Afghanistan during the time period in question.

Impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on the Accounting and Auditing Essay

Impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on the Accounting and Auditing Profession - Essay Example The unexpected corporate failures brought the integrity of the financial statement audit into question (Elson & Lynn, 2008). The apparent aim of the new law is to strengthen controls and strengthen compliance with disclosures, in order that the matter of corporate performance and financial condition be made more transparent to the investing public. The Act applies to all corporations registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), otherwise known as public companies. The most important sections of the statute are those that require the establishment of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), Auditor Independence, and Enhanced Financial Disclosures. The impact of the new requirements listed is to strengthen the role and accountability of the internal audit function, in order that management and the board of directors may be held responsible â€Å"to vouch for accounting controls over financial reporting and disclosure weaknesses to shareholders† (Elson & Lynn, 2008:60). Prior to the implementation of the SOX, internal control was observed to be weak because of the weak internal audit performance, lack of independent directors, and inconsistency and general failure to hold the board of directors and internal audit committee accountable. While prior to the SOX, similar recommendations for chang e were already made by the Blue Ribbon Committee, compliance with these earlier recommendations was not as effective than that subsequent to the implementation of the SOX, mainly because of the absence of legal mandatory power of the Blue Ribbon Committee, in contrast with the requirements of the SOX which were legally binding (Lin, Kang & Roline, 2009:10). At least three studies have empirically determined the effect of SOX on the enhancement of internal audit and control by the management and board of directors. In the implementation of SOX, the Chief Audit Executive played an active leadership role in the implementation of SOX (Section 404), emphasizing on risk identification and control as well as remediation. Most reported increasing their resources devoted to corporate governance activities, including the review of ethics, business conduct, legal and regulatory compliance; audit resources were reported to have been increased (Patterson & Smith, 2007) by as much as 66% (Elson & Lynn, 2008). Significant changes were also made to the composition of the audit committee and the board of directors, which included: (a) an increase in the number of independent directors assigned to the audit committee as well as the board of directors; (b) a significant increase in compliance with the requirement that there should be at least four direct ors on the audit committee, as well as having six to fifteen directors in the board of directors; and (c) an increase in the overall average number of audit committee hearings (Lin, Kang & Roline, 2009). These changes pointed to not only formal but also substantial compliance with SOX requirements. Not all effects expected of SOX had materialized. A study of external auditors’ performance was conducted on the expectation that they had begun to exercise a greater conservatism and a more vigorous audit process prior to issuing going-concern or other qualified opinions. The study showed, however, that there had been no significant difference in the changes in the performance of auditor firms when comparing the pre- and post-SOX contexts (Ryu, Uliss & Roh, 2009). Furthermore, there are what are called â€Å"ripple effects,† such as (1) the negative influence on corporate acquisitions and mergers; (2) increased records-management requirements; (3) decreased